"Grand Challenges in Data-Intensive Discovery" conference was held October 26 - 28, 2010 at the San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC) on the campus of UC San Diego. Science has entered a data-intensive era, driven by a deluge of data being generated by digitally based instruments, sensor networks, and simulation devices. Hence, a growing part of the scientific enterprise is associated with analyzing such data, and such analysis places special demands on computer architectures because the associ