There is a fundamental difference between research questions relating to genetics and those relating to genomics. Genetics research questions focus on inheritance and the algebraic laws (such as Mendel’s laws) that govern the transmission of chromosomes (and therefore genes) from parents to offspring. In contrast to research questions in genetics, research questions in genomics focus on the structure, molecular impact (e.g., expression patterns), and evolution (e.g., conservation and homology) of genes. The inference and statistical modeling questions that arise in genetics research are therefore in some sense distinct from those that arise in genomics. This lecture is the second of two lectures describing statistical issues in genetics and genomics. This second lecture will focus on inference and statistical questions relating to genomics and will emphasize making sense of massive amounts of data that arise in the use of technologies such as gene expression microarrays. Both lectures, and in particular the second, emphasize the need for the integration of results and studies investigating phenomena at all levels of the physiological and evolutionary hierarchy from DNA sequence to phenotypic expression to the selection and evolution of genomes.